Table 2 Impact of spontaneous and positive pressure ventilation on mitral and tricuspid valve peak flow velocities and paradoxical pulse with and without cardiac tamponade
MV | TV | PP | |
|---|---|---|---|
Spontaneous ventilation without tamponade | |||
Inspiration | ↓ < 10% | ↑ | < 6 mmHg |
Expiration | ↑ | ↓ < 25% | |
Spontaneous ventilation with tamponade | |||
Inspiration | ↓↓ 25–65% | ↑↑ 58–85% | > 10 mmHg |
Expiration | ↑↑ 22% | ↓↓ | |
Positive pressure ventilation without tamponade | |||
Inspiration | ↑ | ↓ | Reverse paradox |
Expiration | ↓ | ↑ | |
Positive pressure ventilation with tamponade | |||
Inspiration | ↑ | ↓ | Absent |
Expiration | ↓ | ↑ | |